Mullein prefers full sun and well-drained, sandy or rocky soil, often thriving in poor or disturbed soils with little water. Ecologically, mullein provides habitat for beneficial insects and serves as a soil stabilizer on disturbed land, helping to prevent erosion. Medicinally, mullein has been traditionally used to treat respiratory issues such as coughs, bronchitis, and asthma due to its soothing properties, while its leaves and flowers also have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial benefits.